Question 1

1. What is Tetralogy of Fallot

Accepted Answer

The tetralogy of Fallot is a combination of four defects in the heart. It is a rare congenital heart defect, which means that it is present at birth and results from structural abnormalities in the heart of the developing embryo.

Question 2

2. What is a heart?

Accepted Answer

The heart is a fist-sized muscular organ located behind and slightly left of the breastbone in humans. The heart is a vital organ without which we cannot survive. It is a delicate organ, and the rib cage protects it.

Question 3

3. What are Functions performed by the Heart

Accepted Answer

1. Pumping oxygenated (pure) blood to all the body parts.n2. Collecting deoxygenated (impure) blood from other body parts and sending it to the lungs for oxygenation (purification).n3. Maintaining the blood pressure of our body.

Question 4

4. What is The tetralogy of Fallot in a newborn is a big concern

Accepted Answer

The newborn baby often needs surgery as soon as possible. Therefore, this congenital disability is considered critical.nTetralogy of Fallot results from the following four structural defects in the heart and major blood vessels:n1. Formation of a hole between the right and left ventricles (ventricular septal defect).n2. Constriction of the pulmonary valve and the main pulmonary artery results in pulmonary stenosis, which obstructs blood drainage from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.n3. Disorientation of the aorta, such that it lies over the right ventricle and ventricular septal defect, instead of the left ventricle, as in the normal heart. It results in the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.n4. Excess thickening of the right ventricle walls is also known as ventricular hypertrophy because the heart has to overwork to pump blood.

Question 5

5. What are Signs and Symptoms of Tetralogy of Fallot

Accepted Answer

1. Bluish skin colouration is due to low blood oxygen levels, also known as cyanosis.n2. Shortness of breath.n3. Difficulty feeding.n4. Low stamina, getting tired quickly.n5. Cardiac murmur.n6. Increasing crying and irritabilityn7. Clubbing of fingers and toes.n8. Fainting spells.n9. Delayed development and poor weight gain

Question 6

6. Is there any diagnosis for Tetralogy of Fallot?

Accepted Answer

Some of the diagnostic tests which help in establishing the diagnosis of Tetralogy of Fallot are:n1. Chest X-ray to detect structural abnormalitiesn2. Echocardiogram for diagnosis of heart murmurs and dysrhythmias.n3. Pulse oximetry to measure the levels of oxygen in the blood.n4. Heart M.R.I. to look for structural abnormalities of the heart.n5. Cardiac catheterisation to assess the heart's structure and degree of stenosis and plan the surgery accordingly.

Question 7

7. Is there any feasible treatment for the Tetralogy of Fallot?

Accepted Answer

Surgery for Tetralogy of Fallot is open-heart surgery and involves the following:n1. Closing the ventricular septal defect (V.S.D.) with a patch.n 2. Enlarging or replacing the constricted pulmonary valve by increasing the blood flow.