Human life is full of emotions. We experience some highs, some lows and some periods of stability. However, for people with Bipolar Disorder, these human highs and lows are often much more intense and disruptive. Like many other mental disorders, mentions of bipolar disorder can also be traced back to ancient Greece. Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder and is marked by extreme mood swings, leaping from manic highs to depressive lows, forming the bipolar symptoms. These mood swings can be intense and unpredictable, sometimes lasting for days, weeks, or even longer. This emotional rollercoaster can make daily living difficult and thus it is important to manage bipolar ups and down.
Bipolar Symptoms: The Highs and Lows
According to the DSM, there are two main phases of bipolar disorder. A person may go through depressive episodes (the “lows”) and manic or hypomanic episodes (the “highs”). Each phase has a unique set of symptoms.
A manic episode can make a person feel excessive energy, euphoria, or unusually high levels of irritability. They could experience (according to the DSM):
- Heightened levels of energy and activity
- Racing thoughts and speaking quickly
- Impulsive or reckless actions, like shopping binges or rash choices
- Reduced demand for sleep
- An excessive sense of confidence in oneself or invincibility
On the opposite side of the spectrum, we have depressive episodes. A person in this state may go through feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of energy. They could experience (according to the DSM):
- Fatigue or a feeling of being drained
- Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed
- Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
- Sleep disturbances, such as sleeping too much or too little
- Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
- Suicidal thoughts or behaviors
All human beings are unique. The way bipolar disorder manifests in a person also has variations. Two people with bipolar disorder may not experience these phases in the same length and intensity. For some individuals the mood swings may occur more frequently. Others may have extended periods of stability in between episodes.
Understanding Bipolar Disorder
Sometimes people can over simplify bipolar disorder as just mood swings. However, it is much more than that. It’s a complex mental health condition that requires proper diagnosis and treatment. According to the DSM, there are different types of bipolar disorder:
Bipolar I disorder involves more severe manic episodes.
In Bipolar II disorder the manic episodes are less intense and are called hypomanic episodes. Individuals with Bipolar II disorder often face more lengthy depressive states. Some people may experience these highs and lows quite rapidly with four or more mood episodes in a year. This can make it hard to maintain stability.
We are yet to fully understand the exact cause of bipolar disorder. It’s believed to be a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. The chemistry of our brain plays a role here, especially in the way that brain chemicals or neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin impact mood regulation.
Some people are more prone to the disorder. In their case, stressful life events, trauma, or substance abuse can trigger or worsen their state. Having bipolar disorder has the potential to negatively impact a person’s interpersonal relationships. Impulsive actions or risks taken during manic phases can sometimes cause financial issues.
How to Manage Bipolar Disorder?
Managing bipolar ups and downs is possible. The right treatment and support can completely change a person’s experience of bipolar disorder. The treatment should be personalized according to the unique needs of the individual. Naturally, the areas they are weak at should get more focus. The treatment journey involves not just the person with the disorder but also loved ones. Psychoeducation or spreading awareness of the disorder among family members can help create a supportive environment for the sufferer. Overall, the treatment can include medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes, but it should only be followed after seeking professional help.
Medication: Mood stabilizers are commonly used to balance the mood when in states of mania and depression. Antipsychotic medications may also be prescribed to control manic episodes. Antidepressants can assist in managing depressive phases. The use of medication should be carefully monitored to see if it suits the person.
Therapy: Understanding your disorder and learning concrete strategies to cope with it is a very significant part of treatment. A therapist should develop an understanding of the individual and discuss their preferences. This knowledge should be used to pick the right kind of therapy. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), helps individuals understand the triggers and patterns that lead to mood episodes. It also includes teaching coping strategies to manage stress, regulate emotions, and improve relationships with others. Family therapy and group therapy are also important supplements. They help the person learn how to navigate their changing relationship with loved ones.
Lifestyle Changes: A regular routine creates a supportive base for treatment. A healthy diet, regular sleep pattern and daily exercise can help stabilize mood swings. Drugs and alcohol must be avoided as they can trigger episodes. Yoga and mindfulness can also aid one to deal with stress.
Support Networks: Having a solid network of family, friends, or support groups is crucial for long-term management. When loved ones and the larger community understand the disorder, people can gain the confidence to progress.
Conclusion
The experience of a mental disorder should not define or limit a person’s life. The mood states of bipolar disorder have considerable influence on a person’s actions but it does not have to be that way. With the right kind of treatment and support, the challenges can be managed. WIth time and practice, people can find stability in the bipolar ups and downs. It is important to celebrate each and every small win as the hard work of various people goes into it. Dealing with mental illness is often a collaborative venture, as the individual, the therapist and the support network all play a role.
